Symbol for Kienböck's unit; reactance; xanthosine; halogen atom; unspecified amino acid; reactance.
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Symbol for unspecified amino acid.
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Abbreviation for xanthine.
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xanthochromatic
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See xantho-.
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x. palpebrarum [xanth- + G. elasma, a beaten metal plate]
generalized x. xanthoma planum of the neck, trunk, extremities, and eyelids in patients with normal plasma lipid levels.
x. palpebra´rum soft yellow-orange plaques on the eyelids or medial canthus, the most common form of xanthoma; may be associated with low-density lipoproteins, especially in younger adults.xanthelasma, xanthoma palpebrarum;
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A yellow substance derived from hematin by treating with nitric acid.
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carotenemia [xanth- + G. haima, blood]
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1. The basic structure of many natural products, drugs, dyes (e.g., fluorescein, pyronin, eosins), indicators, pesticides, antibiotics, etc. 2. A class of molecules based upon x. (1).
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1. Yellow or yellowish in color. 2. Relating to xanthine.
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xanthosine 5´-monophosphate
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2,6-Dioxopurine; 2,6(1H,3H)-purinedione;oxidation product of guanine and hypoxanthine, precursor of uric acid; occurs in many organs and in the urine, occasionally forming urinary calculi; elevated in molybdenum cofactor deficiency and in xanthinuria.
x. dehydrogenase an oxidoreductase oxidizing x. to urate with NAD+ as the oxidant; lower activity in individuals with a deficiency of molybdenum cofactor.
x. nucleotide xanthosine 5´-monophosphate
x. oxidase a flavoprotein containing molybdenum; an oxidoreductase catalyzing the reaction of x., O2, and H2O to produce urate and superoxide; also oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. A lower activity is observed in molybdenum cofactor deficiency.hypoxanthine oxidase, Schardinger enzyme;
x. ribonucleoside xanthosine
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7-[2-Hyroxy-3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)methylamino]propyl]theophylline compound with nicotinic acid;a peripheral vasodilator.
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1. Excretion of abnormally large amounts of xanthine in the urine. 2. A disorder [MIM*278300] resulting from defective synthesis of xanthine oxidase, characterized by urinary excretion of xanthine in place of uric acid, hypouricemia, and, in some cases, the formation of xanthine stones; autosomal recessive inheritance.xanthiuria, xanthuria; [xanthine + G. ouron, urine]
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A pigmentary anomaly of blacks, characterized by red or yellow-red hair color, copper-red skin, and often by dilution of iris pigment.rufous albinism; [G. xanthos, yellowish]
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xanthinuria
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Yellow, yellowish. [G. xanthos]
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pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma [xantho + astrocytoma]
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xanthochromia
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Yellow-colored.xanchromatic, xanthochromic;
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The occurrence of patches of yellow color in the skin, resembling xanthoma, but without the nodules or plates.cholesteroderma, xanthochroia, xanthoderma (1), xanthopathy, yellow disease, yellow skin (1); [xantho- + G. chroma, color]
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xanthochromatic
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Light-skinned; Having a fair yellowish complexion; blond. [xantho- + G. chroa, complexion]
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1. xanthochromia 2. Any yellow coloration of the skin.yellow skin (2); [xantho- + G. derma, skin]
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One who has yellow teeth. [xantho- + G. odous, tooth]
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A peculiar infiltration of retroperitoneal tissue by lipid macrophages, occurring most commonly in women.
juvenile x. single or multiple reddish to yellow papules or nodules, usually found in young children, consisting of dermal infiltration by histiocytes and Touton giant cells, with increasing fibrosis.nevoxanthoendothelioma;
necrobiotic x. a cutaneous and subcutaneous x. with focal necrosis, presenting as multiple large, sometimes ulcerated, red to yellow granulomatous nodules with giant cells (often around the eyes) associated with paraproteinemia (usually monoclonal gammopathy).
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Relating to, of the nature of, or affected by xanthogranuloma.
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A yellow nodule or plaque, especially of the skin, composed of lipid-laden histiocytes. [xantho- + G. -oma, tumor]
x. diabetico´rum eruptive x. associated with severe diabetes.
x. dissemina´tum a rare benign normolipemic disorder of adults with coalescent cutaneous x.'s composed of non-X histiocytes on flexural surfaces, often with mild diabetes insipidus.
eruptive x. the sudden appearance of groups of 1-4 mm waxy yellow or yellowish-brown papules with an erythematous halo, especially over extensors of the elbows and knees, and on the back and buttocks of patients with severe hyperlipemia, often familial or more rarely in severe diabetes.
fibrous x. See fibroxanthoma.
x. mul´tiplex xanthomatosis
x. palpebra´rum xanthelasma palpebrarum
x. pla´num a form marked by the occurrence of yellow flat bands or minimally palpable rectangular plates in the corium, either normolipemic or associated with type IIa or III hyperlipoproteinemia.
tendinous x. x. involving tendons, ligaments, and fascia, forming deep, smooth, sometimes painful nodules beneath normal-appearing freely movable skin of the extremities; associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, commonly familial increased beta lipoproteins or obstructive liver disease.
x. tubero´sum xanthomatosis associated with familial type II, and occasionally type III, hyperlipoproteinemia.x. tuberosum simplex;
x. tubero´sum sim´plex x. tuberosum
verrucous x. histocytosis Y; a papilloma of the oral mucosa and skin in which squamous epithelium covers connective tissue papillae filled with large foamy histiocytes.histiocytosis Y;
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Widespread xanthomas, especially on the elbows and knees, that sometimes affect mucous membranes and are sometimes associated with metabolic disturbances.cholesterosis cutis, lipid granulomatosis, lipoid granulomatosis, xanthoma multiplex;
biliary x. x. with hypercholesterolemia, resulting from biliary cirrhosis.Rayer's disease;
x. bul´bi ulcerative fatty degeneration of the cornea after injury.
cerebrotendinous x. [MIM*213700] a disorder with deposition of cholestanol in the brain and other tissues and high levels in plasma but with normal cholesterol level; characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia beginning after puberty, juvenile cataracts, spinal cord involvement, and tendinous or tuberous xanthomata; autosomal recessive inheritance. Probably due to a defect in hepatic mitochondrial 26-hydroxylase in bile acid biosynthesis.cerebrotendinous cholesterinosis;
chronic idiopathic x. vague or indefinite term for inherited abnormalities of lipid metabolism leading to xanthoma formation (e.g., primary familial xanthomatosis).
familial hypercholesteremic x. type II familial hyperlipoproteinemia
normal cholesteremic x. Hand-Schüller-Christian disease
Wolman's x. See cholesterol ester storage disease.
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Relating to xanthoma.
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Genus of the family Pseudomonadaceae; aerobic, Gram-negative, chemoorganotrophic, straight bacilli which exhibit motility by flagella. Type species is Xanthomonas campestris.
X. maltophil´ia a species found primarily in clinical specimens but also in water, milk, and frozen food. Frequent cause of infections in hospitalized and immunocompromised humans.Pseudomonas maltophilia;
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xanthochromia [xantho- + G. pathos, suffering]
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(3R,3´R,6´R)-beta,epsi-carotene-3´,3´-diol;oxygenated derivative of carotene; a yellow plant pigment, occurring also in egg yolk and corpus luteum.lutein (2), luteol, luteole;
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Relating to xanthoprotein.
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A noncrystallizable yellow substance derived from proteins upon treatment with nitric acid.
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The yellow product formed upon treating protein with hot nitric acid, probably from nitration of phenyl groups.
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A condition in which objects appear yellow; may occur in picric acid and santonin poisoning, in jaundice, and in digitalis intoxication.yellow vision; [xantho- + G. opsis, vision]
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An eruption of small yellow pustules. [G. xanthos, yellow + psydrax, a blister on the tip of the tongue]
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canadine
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9-beta-d-ribosylxanthine;the deamination product of guanosine (O replacing -NH2).xanthine ribonucleoside;
x. 5´-monophosphate (XMP) the monophosphoric ester of x. An intermediate in GMP biosynthesis.xanthidylic acid, xanthine nucleotide, xanthylic acid;
x. 5´-triphosphate (XTP) x. with a triphosphoric acid esterified at its 5´ position.
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A yellowish discoloration of degenerating tissues, especially seen in malignant neoplasms. [xantho- + G. -osis, condition]
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Yellowish; yellow-colored. [G. xanthos, yellow]
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4,8-Dihydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid; 4,8-dihydroquinaldic acid;the sulfur-yellow crystals form a red compound with Millon reagent, or an intensely green one with ferrous sulfate; excreted in the urine of pyridoxine-deficient animals after the ingestion of tryptophan, and of rats fed almost exclusively with fibrin.
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xanthinuria
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A radical consisting of xanthine minus a hydrogen atom.
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Relating to xanthine.
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xanthosine 5´-monophosphate
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Symbol for xanthosine.
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Symbol for xenon.
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Symbol for xenon-133.
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Strange; foreign material; parasite. See hetero-, allo-. [G. xenos, guest, host, stranger, foreign]
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A pharmacologically, endocrinologically, or toxicologically active substance not endogenously produced and therefore foreign to an organism.
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1. A method of diagnosing acute or early Trypanosoma cruzi infection (Chagas' disease) in humans. Infection-free (laboratory-reared) triatomine bugs are fed on the suspected person and the trypanosome is identified by microscopic examination of the intestinal contents of the bug after a suitable incubation period. 2. A similar method of biological diagnosis based upon experimental exposure of a parasite-free normal host capable of allowing the organism in question to multiply, enabling it to be more easily and reliably detected.
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Heterologous, with respect to tissue grafts, especially when donor and recipient belong to widely separated species.xenogenic (2), xenogenous (2); [xeno- + G. -gen, producing]
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1. Originating outside of the organism, or from a foreign substance that has been introduced into the organism.xenogenous (1); 2. xenogeneic [xeno- + G. -gen, producing]
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1. xenogenic (1) 2. xenogeneic
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A graft transferred from an animal of one species to one of another species.heterograft, heterologous graft, heteroplastic graft, heterospecific graft, interspecific graft, xenogeneic graft;
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A gaseous element, atomic no. 54, atomic wt. 131.29; present in minute proportion (0.087 ppm) in the dry atmosphere; produces general anesthesia in concentrations of 70 vol.%. [G. xenos, a stranger]
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A radioisotope of xenon with a gamma emission at 81 keV and a physical half-life of 5.243 days; used in the study of pulmonary function and organ blood flow.
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An ecoparasite that becomes pathogenic in consequence of weakened resistance on the part of its host.
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Morbid fear of strangers. [xeno- + G. phobos, fear]
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A speech defect marked by an alteration in accent and intonation. [xeno- + G. phone, voice]
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An obsolete term for inflammation excited by the presence of a foreign body in the eye.
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The rat flea; a genus of fleas parasitic on the rat and involved in the transmission of bubonic plague. The species X. cheopis serves as a potent vector of Yersinia pestis, largely because its gut becomes "blocked" by a mass of Y. pestis cells which prevents the flea from feeding normally, so that it is inclined to attack man and other hosts; it is an important source of infection in traditional epidemic areas such as India. X. astia and X. braziliensis are also efficient vectors of plague. [xeno- + G. psylla, flea]
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A radical consisting of biphenyl minus a hydrogen atom.
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A gradual loss of moisture in the tissues. [G. xeransis, fr. xeros, dry]
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Denoting xeransis.
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A condition of the hair characterized by dryness and brittleness. [G. xerasia, fr. xeros, dry]
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Dry. [G. xeros]
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Dryness of lips. [xero- + G. cheilos, lip]
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A mild form of ichthyosis characterized by excessive dryness of the skin due to slight increase of the horny layer and diminished water content of the stratum corneum from decreased perspiration, wind, or low humidity; seen with aging, atopic dermatitis, vitamin A deficiency, etc. [xero- + G. derma, skin]
x. pigmento´sum [MIM*278700] an eruption of exposed skin occurring in childhood and characterized by photosensitivity with severe sunburn in infancy and the development of numerous pigmented spots resembling freckles, larger atrophic lesions eventually resulting in glossy white thinning of the skin surrounded by telangiectases, and multiple solar keratoses which undergo malignant change at an early age; results from several rare autosomal recessive disorders in which DNA repair processes are defective, so that they are more liable to chromosome breaks and cancerous change when exposed to ultraviolet light. Severe ophthalmic and neurologic abnormalities are also found.
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xeroradiograph
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xeroradiography
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xerophthalmia
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Examination of the breast by xeroradiography.
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Obsolete term for occurrence of the usual constitutional symptoms at the menstrual period without any show of blood. [xero- + G. meniaia, menses]
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Extreme dryness of the nasal mucous membrane. [xero- + G. mykter, the nose]
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xerosis [xero- + G. nosos, disease]
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The eating of dry foodstuffs; subsisting on a dry diet. [xero- + G. phago, to eat]
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Excessive dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea, which lose their luster and become keratinized; may be due to local disease or to a systemic deficiency of vitamin A.conjunctivitis arida, xeroma, xerophthalmus; [xero- + G. ophthalmos, eye]
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xerophthalmia
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The permanent record made by xeroradiography.xerogram;
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Radiography using a specially coated charged plate instead of x-ray film, developing with a dry powder rather than liquid chemicals, and transferring the powder image onto paper for a permanent record; edge enhancement is inherent.xerography;
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Pathologic dryness of the skin (xeroderma), the conjunctiva (xerophthalmia), or mucous membranes.xeronosus; [xero- + G. -osis, condition]
x. parenchymato´sus superficial drying of the conjunctiva due to diffuse scarring, with closure of the lacrimal gland openings.
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A dryness of the mouth, having a varied etiology, resulting from diminished or arrested salivary secretion, or asialism. [xero- + G. stoma, mouth]
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Dryness. [G. xerotes]
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Dry; affected with xerosis.
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Dry friction. [xero- + G. tripsis, a rubbing, fr. tribo, to rub]
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See Blood Groups appendix.
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lyonization
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See xipho-.
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Relating to the xiphoid process.
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xiphoid process [xiphoid + G. sternon, chest]
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Xiphoid, usually the processus xyphoideus. [G. xiphos, sword]
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Relating to the xiphoid process and the ribs. [xipho- + L. costa, rib]
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Pain of a neuralgic character, in the region of the xiphoid cartilage. See also hypersensitive xiphoid syndrome.xiphoidalgia; [xipho- + G. odyne, pain]
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Sword-shaped; applied especially to the xiphoid process.ensiform, gladiate, mucronate; [xipho- + G. eidos, appearance]
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xiphodynia [xiphoid + G. algos, pain]
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Inflammation of the xiphoid process of the sternum. [xiphoid + G. -itis, inflammation]
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Conjoined twins united in the region of the xiphoid process of the sternum. See conjoined twins, under twin. [xipho- + G. pagos, something fixed]
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Pertaining to genes borne on the X chromosome. Commonly but erroneously used synonymously with sex-linked, which would also comprise Y-linked traits.
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Abbreviation for xanthosine 5´-monophosphate.
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A trade name (of Kodak) that has become the generic designation of an automatic processor for x-ray films.
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Radiant energy from an x-ray tube. See also x-ray.
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1. The ionizing electromagnetic radiation emitted from a highly evacuated tube, resulting from the excitation of the inner orbital electrons by the bombardment of the target anode with a stream of electrons from a heated cathode. 2. Ionizing electromagnetic radiation produced by the excitation of the inner orbital electrons of an atom by other processes, such as nuclear delay and its sequelae. 3. A radiograph.roentgen ray;
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Abbreviation for xanthosine 5´-triphosphate.
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Abbreviation for xylose.
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Abbreviation for xylose.
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Wood, woody; xylose, xylene. [G. xylon]
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A sedative/hypnotic/anesthetic widely used in veterinary medicine and in laboratory animals.
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xylol
x. cyanol FF [C.I. 43535] an acidic triphenylmethane dye used for histochemical staining of hemoglobin peroxidase and as a tracking dye for DNA sequencing in electrophoresis.
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(CH3)2C6H3OH;occurring in six isomeric forms; used in the manufacture of coal tar disinfectants and synthetic resins.dimethylphenol;
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(CH3)2C6H3NH2; aminoxylene; aminodimethylbenzene;used as a reagent and in the manufacture of dyes.
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HOCH2(CHOH)5CH2OH;an optically inactive sugar alcohol; often used as a sugar substitute in diabetic diets; the synthesis of x. from l-xylulose is blocked in individuals with idiopathic pentosuria.
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xylulose reductase
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See xyl-.
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A disaccharide of two xylose residues linked beta1->4, both in pyranose rings.
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pyroxylin
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xylulose
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C6H4(CH3)2;a volatile liquid obtained from coal tar, having physical and chemical properties similar to those of benzene; it occurs as three isomers; m-, o-, and p-xylol; used as a solvent, in the manufacture of chemicals and synthetic fibers, and in histology as a clearing agent.dimethylbenzene, xylene;
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2-(4´-tert-Butyl-2´,6´-dimethylphenylmethyl)imidazoline hydrochloride;a sympathomimetic drug used as a nasal decongestant.
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A mild oxidation product of xylose.
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Xylose in pyranose form.
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An aldopentose, isomeric with ribose, obtained by fermentation or hydrolysis of naturally occurring carbohydrate substances, e.g., in wood fiber. An important dietary component for herbivores. The d-isomer is wood or beechwood sugar.uridine diphosphoxylose;
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threo-pentulose;a 2-ketopentose. l-Xylulose appears in the urine in cases of essential pentosuria; it is also an intermediate in the glucuronate pathway.xyloketose;
x. 5-phosphate the d-isomer is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and in transketolization.
x. reductase an enzyme that reversibly converts x. to xylitol using either NADH (d-x. reductase) or NADPH (l-x. reductase); a deficiency of the l-form is seen in individuals with essential pentosuria.xylitol dehydrogenase;
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essential pentosuria
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The radical consisting of xylene (xylol) minus a hydrogen atom.
x. bromide CH3C6H4CH2Br;the o-, m-, and p-forms are powerful lacrimators.
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The radical consisting of xylene (xylol) minus two hydrogen atoms.
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shaving cramp [G. xyron, razor, fr. xyo, to scrape]
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Membranous shreds in the feces. [G. filings, shavings, fr. xyo, to scrape]
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